Dialysis is a medical procedure that performs the essential functions of the kidneys when they are no longer able to work adequately, typically due to kidney failure. It involves removing waste products, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood to maintain a balanced level of electrolytes and prevent dangerous buildups in the body. Dialysis can be necessary for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury, where the kidneys lose their filtering capabilities. There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis, which uses a machine and a special filter called a dialyzer to clean the blood, and peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of the abdomen (the peritoneum) as a natural filter to remove waste products.
While dialysis is a life-saving treatment, it is not without complications. Potential complications of dialysis can include low blood pressure (hypotension), which is common during hemodialysis sessions, and can cause dizziness, nausea, or fainting. Other complications may include infections at the access site (where the needles or catheter are inserted), blood clots, or hernias due to increased pressure in the abdominal cavity during peritoneal dialysis. Additionally, patients may experience muscle cramps, fatigue, or imbalances in electrolytes, such as potassium or calcium. Long-term dialysis can also lead to cardiovascular problems and a reduced quality of life due to the demanding nature of the treatment schedule. It is crucial for dialysis patients to work closely with their healthcare team to manage these risks and maintain the best possible health outcomes.
